Soft skills of nursing teachers in the department of gastroenterology and their impact on teaching behaviors / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To investigate the soft skills of nursing teachers in the department of gastroenterology and their impact on teaching behaviors.Methods:A total of 438 nursing teachers from the Department of Gastroenterology of 12 grade A tertiary hospitals in our province were selected as the subjects by cluster sampling. The general information questionnaire, nursing soft skill assessment scale, and clinical nursing mentors' behavior scale were used for a questionnaire survey. The scores for soft skills and teaching behaviors of nursing teachers were evaluated. A Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to discuss the correlation between soft skills and teaching behaviors. The independent sample t test and variance analysis were performed for univariate analysis of teaching behaviors. A multivariate analysis of teaching behaviors was performed by multiple linear regression analysis. Results:The total score of the nursing soft skill assessment scale was (164.75±18.49), and the average score of items was (3.43±0.49). The total score of the clinical nursing mentors' behavior scale was (94.26±8.48), and the average score of items was (4.10±0.46). The total score of nursing soft skills was positively correlated with the total score of teaching behaviors ( r=0.31, P<0.05). The total score of the behavior scale of nursing teachers varied significantly across different education backgrounds, professional titles, nursing ages, and teaching years ( P<0.05). The multiple linear regression analysis found that professional title, teaching years, and nursing soft skills were important factors affecting the teaching behavior level of nursing teachers, which could explain 39.50% of the teaching behavior level. Conclusion:Soft skills of nursing teachers in the Department of Gastroenterology are at a middle level. Professional title, teaching years, and soft skills are important factors affecting teaching behaviors. Improving soft skills of nursing teachers may help improve teaching behaviors.

Genetic Subtypes and Pretreatment Drug Resistance in the Newly Reported Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Men Aged≥50 Years Old in Guangxi / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To analyze the genetic subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the prevalence of pretreatment drug resistance in the newly reported HIV-infected men in Guangxi. Methods The stratified random sampling method was employed to select the newly reported HIV-infected men aged≥50 years old in 14 cities of Guangxi from January to June in 2020.The pol gene of HIV-1 was amplified by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and then sequenced.The mutation sites associated with drug resistance and the degree of drug resistance were then analyzed. Results A total of 615 HIV-infected men were included in the study.The genetic subtypes of CRF01_AE,CRF07_BC,and CRF08_BC accounted for 57.4% (353/615),17.1% (105/615),and 22.4% (138/615),respectively.The mutations associated with the resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI),non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI),and protease inhibitors occurred in 8 (1.3%),18 (2.9%),and 0 patients,respectively.M184V (0.7%) and K103N (1.8%) were the mutations with the highest occurrence rates for the resistance to NRTIs and NNRTIs,respectively.Twenty-two (3.6%) patients were resistant to at least one type of inhibitors.Specifically,4 (0.7%),14 (2.3%),4 (0.7%),and 0 patients were resistant to NRTIs,NNRTIs,both NRTIs and NNRTIs,and protease inhibitors,respectively.The pretreatment resistance to NNRTIs had much higher frequency than that to NRTIs (2.9% vs.1.3%;χ2=3.929,P=0.047).The prevalence of pretreatment resistance to lamivudine,zidovudine,tenofovir,abacavir,rilpivirine,efavirenz,nevirapine,and lopinavir/ritonavir was 0.8%, 0.3%, 0.7%, 1.0%, 1.3%, 2.8%, 2.9%, and 0, respectively. Conclusions CRF01_AE,CRF07_BC,and CRF08_BC are the three major strains of HIV-infected men≥50 years old newly reported in Guangxi,2020,and the pretreatment drug resistance demonstrates low prevalence.

A multicenter study assessing the efficacy of various preoperative/pre-transfusion screening methods for blood transmitted disease / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective:This multi-centre study was conducted to assess the efficacy of various preoperative/pre-transfusion screening methods for blood transmitted disease.Methods:From July 2021 to December 2021, plasma samples of patients admitted to 10 hospitals were collected for screening preoperative/pre-transfusion blood transmitted disease. Nucleic acid detection technology was used to detect hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)(1+2) RNA, and the results were compared with the immuno-serological methods. χ 2 test and Kappa test were used to analyze the efficacy of these two methods. Results:A total of 8 655 valid specimens were collected from 10 hospitals. There was a statistically significant difference in the positive detection rate of HCV between the two methods ( P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the positive detection rate of HBV and HIV assessed by the two methods ( P>0.05), but the number of positive cases detected by HBV DNA and HIV RNA (218 and 4 cases) was significantly higher than the corresponding serological results (216 and 2 cases). At the same time, there were HBV, HCV and HIV immuno-serological omissions by the immuno-serological methods, among which 28 cases were HBsAg negative and HBV DNA positive, 2 cases were HCV antibody negative and HCV RNA positive, and 2 cases were HIV antigen/antibody negative and HIV RNA positive. In addition, in the 66 samples with inconsistent results from the two detection methods, 83.3% (55/66), 68.2% (45/66), 63.6% (42/66) and 62.1% (41/66) of patients aged was>45 years, tumor, surgery and male, respectively. Conclusions:Compared with immuno-serological tests, nucleic acid tests have the advantage in terms of sensitivity on detecting HBV, HCV and HIV infection and could reduce missed detection. The risk of transmission can be reduced by adding HBV, HCV, and HIV nucleic acid tests to preoperative/pre-transfusion immuno-serological tests screening for patients over 45 years of age and tumor patients.

Clinical value of nucleic acid detection for hepatitis B virus screening in hospitalized patients / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective:To explore clinical value of nucleic acid detection for hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening in hospitalized patients.Methods:This cross-sectional study collected and analyzed plasma samples from patients admitted to 10 domestic medical institutions from July 2021 to December 2021. Serological immunoassay and nucleic acid screening were used to simultaneously detect hepatitis B markers such as hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb), hepatitis B e Antigen (HBeAg), hepatitis B e antibody (HBeAb), hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb),and HBV DNA. Statistical analysis was performed on the serology, nucleic acid test results and clinical information of the patients.Results:Of the 8 655 collected samples, HBsAg was positive in 216 (2.50%) samples,HBV DNA was positive in 238 (2.75%) samples ( P>0.05); 210 (2.43%) samples were positive for both HBsAg and HBV DNA, 28 (0.32%) were HBsAg negative and HBV DNA positive, 6 cases (0.07%) were HBsAg positive and HBV DNA negative. Conclusion:These results indicate that the HBV DNA testing is equally effective as hepatitis B virus serological detection for hepatitis B virus screening in hospitalized patients.

Effect of heavy metal lead on anticoagulant activity of leech based on label-free quantitative proteomics / 中国中药杂志

Whitmania pigra is the most widely distributed species of leeches in the market. In this study, the effect of heavy metal lead pollution on the anticoagulant activity of Wh. pigra was studied and the potential mechanism was explored. Pb(NO_3)_2 was used to contaminate the breeding soil which was then used to rear Wh. pigra for 50 days(lead-contaminated group, LC group), and meanwhile the blank control group(CG group) was set. Proteins were extracted from the obtained leech samples, and the differentially expressed proteins between LC and CG groups were analyzed by label-free proteomics technology. In this study, a total of 152 differentially expressed proteins were screened out, of which 93 proteins were up-regulated and 59 proteins were down-regulated in LC group. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the biological processes enriched with the differentially expressed proteins were mainly vesicle-mediated transport and transport positive regulation; the enriched cell components were mainly endocytosis vesicles and apical plasma membrane; the enriched molecular functions mainly included carbohydrate binding. The differentially expressed proteins were enriched in 76 KEGG pathways, which mainly involved metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and bacterial invasion of epithelial cells. In this study, two differentially expressed proteins with Antistasin domain were presumed, which provides reference for further exploring the regulatory mechanism and signal transduction underlying the effect of lead pollution on the anticoagulant activity of leech.

Effects of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-positive Mothers Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy to Prevent Mother-to-child Transmission on the Growth and Development of 18-month-old Children in Lingshan County of Guangxi / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To evaluate the effects of antiretroviral therapy(ART)for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission(PMTCT)of acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)on the growth and development of 18-month-old children born by human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-positive pregnant women in Lingshan County,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,and provide scientific evidence for improving the ART medication plan for PMTCT.Methods Lingshan County,ranking the first in the HIV-epidemic counties of Guangxi,was selected as the research site.According to the design of retrospective case-control study,we assigned all the subjects into the case group and the control group:(1)The case group included the HIV-positive pregnant women who had received ART for PMTCT and their HIV-negative infants in Lingshan County from 2010 to 2017.The historical cards and PMTCT data of them were collected from the national PMTCT database.(2)The control group included the healthy pregnant women and their healthy babies born in the Lingshan Maternity and Infant Hospital in 2017,and the children's growth and development data were collected.The stunted growth in children was defined as at least one of the three main indicators of body height,body weight,and head circumference below the normal range.Results The number of HIV-positive mothers and their infants in the case group was 391 and 368,respectively,and 87.21%(341/391)and 95.38%(351/368)of mothers and infants respectively received ART medication.The HIV positive rate,mortality rate,and mother-to-child transmission rate of 18-month-old children were 1.36%(5/368),4.35%(16/368),and 2.01%(5/249),respectively.The incidence of stunted growth of 18-month-old children in the case group and the control group was 42.12%(155/368)and 23.06%(101/438),respectively,with significant difference(

Epidemiological characteristics of HIV/AIDS in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 2010-2017 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective@#To understand the characteristics of HIV/AIDS epidemic in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi) with a purpose to accurately provide scientific basis for prevention and control measures, 2010-2017.@*Methods@#Data were retrieved from case reporting cards of Guangxi during 2010 to 2017 through National HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Response Information Management System. Data was analyzed using epidemiological methods such number of cases, proportion and rate. χ2 test was used for statistical analysis.@*Results@#The HIV positive rate was 12.53 per ten thousand (85 182/67 959 000) in Guangxi during 2010 to 2017. The number of newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS cases and the number of death yearly respectively increased by 22.34%(2 602/11 648) and 32.83% (952/2 900) in 2011 compared with 2010, and both showed a six-year continuous downward trend (the number of newly diagnosed cases respectively 12 229 cases, 10 877 cases, 9 460 cases, 9 190 cases, 8 848 cases, 8 680 cases, and the number of death respectively 3 888 cases, 3 316 cases, 2 914 cases, 2 717 cases, 2 595 cases, 2 600 cases) from 2012 to 2017. But proportion of late discovery remained above 50.00% (50.53%-57.06%) for eight-years continuously. The ratio of male and female was 2.47 ∶ 1 (60 639/24 543). The ratio of males and females aged 50 and over was 2.71∶1 (28 654/10 557). Proportion of the cases in 25-49 years old group and 50 years old group accounting for 47.40%(40 377/85 182) and 46.03% (39 211/85 182) respectively. The occupation was farmers accounting for 68.40% (58 262/85 182), housekeeping, housework and unemployment accounting for 11.21% (9 546/85 182), student accounting for 0.86% (729/85 182). Heterosexual transmission accounted for 90.60% (77 171/85 182, homosexual transmission accounted for 3.13% (2 669/85 182), injection drug use transmission accounted for 4.60%(3 924/85 182) and mother-to-child transmission accounted for 0.73% (619/85 182).@*Conclusions@#The number of newly diagnosed cases and the number of death yearly showed a continuous downtrend for six-years from 2012 to 2017. However, proportion of late discovery remained above 50.00% for eight-years. The major route of infection was heterosexual transmission. With the change of HIV/AIDS newly epidemic mode in Guangxi, there are many new challenges for HIV/AIDS prevention and control work. Strategy of targeted intervention modes should be innovated for a new breakthrough.

Characteristics of HIV-infected persons without long term disease progress and related factors in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the characteristics of HIV infected persons without long term disease progress [also known as long term non-progressors (LTNPs)],and related factors in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi).Methods Data of persons living with HIV and receiving no antiretroviral therapy in Guangxi by the end of 2016 were collected from the national HIV/AIDS comprehensive control and prevention information system of China.Results By the end of 2016,there were 313 LTNPs in Guangxi,accounting for 2.3 ％ of those being reported for more than 10 years,5.4％ of those being reported for more than 10 years and surviving,and 26.6％ of those being reported for more than 10 years,surviving and receiving no antiretroviral therapy.Among the LTNPs,87.2％(273) were men,94.9％ (297) were aged ≤ 40 years,32.3％ (101) were farmers,55.6％ (174) were single,divorced or widowed,69.3％ (217) were of Han ethnic group,68.1％ (213) were injecting drug users,and 52.1％ (163) were from custody facilities.Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that factors associated with delayed disease progression included age ≤40 years (compared with age ＞40 years,aOR=1.55,95％ CI:1.31-3.12) and injection drug use (compared with sexual transmission,aOR=1.23,95％ CI:1.10-1.74).Conclusions A number of LTNPs existed in HIV-infected individuals in Guangxi.Further research are needed to identify the related factors,and it is necessary to conduct large sample size studies on host immunology,genetics and the virology of HIV to explore the related mechanism.

Characteristics of HIV-infected persons without long term disease progress and related factors in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the characteristics of HIV infected persons without long term disease progress [also known as long term non-progressors (LTNPs)],and related factors in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi).Methods Data of persons living with HIV and receiving no antiretroviral therapy in Guangxi by the end of 2016 were collected from the national HIV/AIDS comprehensive control and prevention information system of China.Results By the end of 2016,there were 313 LTNPs in Guangxi,accounting for 2.3 ％ of those being reported for more than 10 years,5.4％ of those being reported for more than 10 years and surviving,and 26.6％ of those being reported for more than 10 years,surviving and receiving no antiretroviral therapy.Among the LTNPs,87.2％(273) were men,94.9％ (297) were aged ≤ 40 years,32.3％ (101) were farmers,55.6％ (174) were single,divorced or widowed,69.3％ (217) were of Han ethnic group,68.1％ (213) were injecting drug users,and 52.1％ (163) were from custody facilities.Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that factors associated with delayed disease progression included age ≤40 years (compared with age ＞40 years,aOR=1.55,95％ CI:1.31-3.12) and injection drug use (compared with sexual transmission,aOR=1.23,95％ CI:1.10-1.74).Conclusions A number of LTNPs existed in HIV-infected individuals in Guangxi.Further research are needed to identify the related factors,and it is necessary to conduct large sample size studies on host immunology,genetics and the virology of HIV to explore the related mechanism.

Effect of baseline CD4+ T cell count on drop-out of antiretroviral therapy in HIV infected persons in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 2008-2015 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of baseline CD4+T cell count (CD4) on drop-out of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV infected persons.Methods Retrospective cohort was conducted in this study.HIV infected persons aged≥ 18 years and receiving free ART for the first time in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi) from 2008 to 2015 were selected from the antiretroviral treatment database of National Comprehensive HIV/AIDS Information System,with follow-up conducted till May 30,2016.Cause-specific Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate effect of different CD4 on the drop-out of ART in the HIV infected persons.Results A total of 58 502 eligible study participants were included in this retrospective cohort study.The average drop-out ratio was 4.8/100 person-years.After controlling the following baseline covariates:age,sex,marital status,route of HIV infection,WHO clinical stage before ART,initial/current ART regiment,ART regiment adjustment,and year of initiating ART for potential confounding,the adjusted HR of drop-out for HIV infected persons with 200-cells/μl,351-cells/μl and ≥500 cells/μl were 1.110 (95％CI:1.053-1.171,P＜0.001),1.391 (95％CI:1.278-1.514,P＜0.001) and 1.695 (95％CI:1.497-1.918,P＜ 0.001),respectively,in risk for drop-out compared with those with baseline CD4 ＜200 cells/μ 1.Among the HIV infected persons,56.0％ (1 601/2 861) of drug withdrawal was due to poor compliance with medication.Conclusions With the increase of baseline CD4 when initiating ART,the risk for the drop-out in HIV infected persons increased significantly.To further reduce the drop-out of ART,it is important to take CD4 into account in initiating ART and to strengthen the health education on treatment compliancy and training for healthcare providers.

Effect of baseline CD4+ T cell count on drop-out of antiretroviral therapy in HIV infected persons in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 2008-2015 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of baseline CD4+T cell count (CD4) on drop-out of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV infected persons.Methods Retrospective cohort was conducted in this study.HIV infected persons aged≥ 18 years and receiving free ART for the first time in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi) from 2008 to 2015 were selected from the antiretroviral treatment database of National Comprehensive HIV/AIDS Information System,with follow-up conducted till May 30,2016.Cause-specific Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate effect of different CD4 on the drop-out of ART in the HIV infected persons.Results A total of 58 502 eligible study participants were included in this retrospective cohort study.The average drop-out ratio was 4.8/100 person-years.After controlling the following baseline covariates:age,sex,marital status,route of HIV infection,WHO clinical stage before ART,initial/current ART regiment,ART regiment adjustment,and year of initiating ART for potential confounding,the adjusted HR of drop-out for HIV infected persons with 200-cells/μl,351-cells/μl and ≥500 cells/μl were 1.110 (95％CI:1.053-1.171,P＜0.001),1.391 (95％CI:1.278-1.514,P＜0.001) and 1.695 (95％CI:1.497-1.918,P＜ 0.001),respectively,in risk for drop-out compared with those with baseline CD4 ＜200 cells/μ 1.Among the HIV infected persons,56.0％ (1 601/2 861) of drug withdrawal was due to poor compliance with medication.Conclusions With the increase of baseline CD4 when initiating ART,the risk for the drop-out in HIV infected persons increased significantly.To further reduce the drop-out of ART,it is important to take CD4 into account in initiating ART and to strengthen the health education on treatment compliancy and training for healthcare providers.

Comparison of sinus tarsi and lateral L-shaped approaches in medial wall reduction and calcaneal alignment in treatment of calcaneal fractures / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective To compare the minimally invasive sinus tarsi approach and lateral intensive L-shaped approach in the therapeutic effects concerning medial wall reduction and calcaneal alignment for cal-caneal fractures. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted of the 52 patients with calcaneal fracture who had been treated at Department of Foot & Ankle Surgery, Guangzhou Orthopaedic Hospital from January 2010 to December 2014. They were 39 men and 13 women, 28 to 46 years of age ( average, 40.4 years ). Of them, 26 were treated via the sinus tarsi approach ( minimally invasive group ) and the other 26 via the con-ventional lateral extensile L-shaped approach ( conventional group ) . X-ray axial films of the calcaneus were taken pre-operatively and post-operatively to evaluate the medial wall reduction and calcaneal alignment. The American Orthopedic Foot Ankle Society ( AOFAS ) ankle-hindfoot scale was adopted to assess the therapeutic effects. Results The average follow-up period for this cohort was 18 months ( from 12 to 24 months). The post-operative varus angle was 7.41°± 5.17°for the minimally invasive group and 8.01°± 5.33°for the con-ventional group; the correction of varus angle was 6.60°± 6.23°for the minimally invasive group and 8.57°± 6.64°for the conventional group; the good to excellent rate of medial wall reduction was 42.3% ( 11/26 ) for the minimally invasive group and 53.8% ( 14/26 ) for the conventional group; the AOFAS score was 89.5 ± 7.0 for the minimally invasive group and 86.2 ± 8.2 for the conventional group. There were no statistically signifi-cant differences between the 2 groups in all the above comparisons ( P ＞ 0.05 ). Conclusion The mini-mally invasive sinus tarsi approach can be a fine choice for treatment of calcaneal fractures, because it leads to no differences in medial wall reduction, postoperative varus angle and postoperative correction of varus angle, compared with the conventional lateral extensile L-shaped approach.

Effect of Phosphorylated-Extracellular Regulated Kinase 1/2 Inhibitor on Retina from Light-induced Photoreceptor Degeneration / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Background@#The demonstrated role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in both cell apoptosis and the inflammation pathway makes it an attractive target for photoreceptor protection. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of MAPK antagonists against photoreceptor degeneration and retinal inflammation in a rat model of light-induced retinal degeneration.@*Methods@#Sprague Dawley rats were treated with intravitreal injections of MAPK antagonists, inhibitors of p-P38, phosphorylated-extracellular regulated kinase (p-ERK) 1/2, and p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) just before they were assigned to dark adaptation. After dark adaptation for 24 h, rats were exposed to blue light (2500 lux) in a light box for 24 h, and then returned to the normal 12-h light/12-h dark cycle. Samples were collected at different time points. MAPK expression during light exposure was examined with immunofluorescence. Photoreceptor death was detected with histopathology and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. The expression of retinal p-ERK1/2, caspase 3, activated caspase 3, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-1β was examined by Western blotting. Differences between groups were evaluated using unpaired one-way analysis of variance and least significant difference post hoc tests.@*Results@#MAPKs (P38, ERK1/2, and p-JNK) were phosphorylated and activated in the light injury groups, compared with normal group, and their expressions were mainly elevated in the outer nuclear layer (ONL). Among the selected MAPK antagonists, only the p-ERK1/2 inhibitor attenuated the loss of photoreceptors and the thinning of ONL in light injury groups. Besides, p-ERK1/2 inhibitor refrained light-induced photoreceptor apoptosis, which was presented by TUNEL positive cells. Light injury significantly increased the expression of p-ERK1/2 (1.12 ± 0.06 vs. 0.57 ± 0.08, t = 9.99, P < 0.05; 1.23 ± 0.03 vs. 0.57 ± 0.08, t = 11.90, P < 0.05; and 1.12 ± 0.12 vs. 0.57 ± 0.08, t = 9.86, P < 0.05; F = 49.55, P < 0.001), and induced caspase 3 activating (0.63 ± 0.06 vs. 0.14 ± 0.05, t = 13.67, P < 0.05; 0.74 ± 0.05 vs. 0.14 ± 0.05, t = 16.87, P < 0.05; and 0.80 ± 0.05 vs. 0.14 ± 0.05, t = 18.57, P < 0.05; F = 100.15, P < 0.001), compared with normal group. The p-ERK1/2 inhibitor significantly reduced p-ERK1/2 overexpression (0.61 ± 0.06 vs. 1.12 ± 0.06, t = -9.26, P < 0.05; 0.77 ± 0.06 vs. 1.23 ± 0.03, t = -8.29, P < 0.05; and 0.68 ± 0.03 vs. 1.12 ± 0.12, t = -7.83, P < 0.05; F = 49.55, P < 0.001) and downregulated caspase 3 activating (0.23 ± 0.04 vs. 0.63 ± 0.06, t = -11.24, P < 0.05; 0.43 ± 0.03 vs. 0.74 ± 0.05, t = -8.86, P < 0.05; and 0.58 ± 0.03 vs. 0.80 ± 0.05, t = -6.17, P < 0.05; F = 100.15, P < 0.001), compared with light injury group. No significant change in the total level of caspase 3 was seen in different groups (F = 0.56, P = 0.75). As for inflammation, light injury significantly increased the expression of TNF-α (0.42 ± 0.04 vs. 0.25 ± 0.05, t = 5.99, P < 0.05; 0.65 ± 0.03 vs. 0.25 ± 0.05, t = 14.87, P < 0.05; and 0.86 ± 0.04 vs. 0.25 ± 0.05, t = 22.58, P < 0.05; F = 160.27, P < 0.001) and IL-1β (0.24 ± 0.01 vs. 0.19 ± 0.02, t = 2.33, P < 0.05; 0.35 ± 0.02 vs. 0.19 ± 0.02, t = 7.97, P < 0.05; and 0.48 ± 0.04 vs. 0.19 ± 0.02, t = 14.69, P < 0.05; F = 77.29, P < 0.001), compared with normal group. P-ERK1/2 inhibitor significantly decreased the overexpression of TNF-α (0.22 ± 0.02 vs. 0.42 ± 0.04, t = -7.40, P < 0.05; 0.27 ± 0.02 vs. 0.65 ± 0.03, t = -14.27, P < 0.05; and 0.33 ± 0.03 vs. 0.86 ± 0.04, t = -19.58, P < 0.05; F = 160.27, P < 0.001) and IL-1β (0.13 ± 0.03 vs. 0.24 ± 0.01, t = -5.77, P < 0.05; 0.17 ± 0.01 vs. 0.22 ± 0.02, t = -9.18, P < 0.05; and 0.76 ± 0.05 vs. 0.48 ± 0.04, t = -13.12, P < 0.05; F = 77.29, P < 0.001), compared with light injury group.@*Conclusion@#The p-ERK1/2 inhibitor might protect the retina from light-induced photoreceptor degeneration and retinal inflammation.

Analysis on influencing factors of late detection for newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS positive patients in Guangxi in 2015 / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To explore the influencing factors of late diagnosis for newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS positive patients in Guangxi in 2015.Methods The CD4 + T lymphocytes count which was first detection for newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS positive patients in Guangxi during 2015 was collected.Data were statistically analyzed.Results We collected 8 586 newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS whose median CD4+ T lymphocytes counts was 237.5 cells/μl,and 43.12％ of them had less than 200 cells/μl.Gender,age,occupation,marriage,nation,education,route of transmission,types of testing and region had effects on late HIV diagnosis(all P ＜ 0.05).Logistic analysis found that risk factors associated with the late diagnosis of HIV were male(OR =1.851,95％ CI:1.673-2.048),migrant worker (OR =1.387,95％ CI:1.242-1.549),education below middle and secondary school(OR =1.619,95％ CI:1.400-1.873),currently married(OR =1.207,95％ CI:1.075-1.354),divorced or widowed(OR =1.508,95％ CI:1.309-1.738).Voluntary testing was a protective factor.Conclusions The prevalence the late diagnosis of HIV was high in Guangxi in 2015,it is crucial for related departments to enhance the testing and screening effort for HIV/AIDS.

Inhibiting effect of CaMKIIN up-regulation on leukemia cells growth and its mechanism / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the inhibitory effects of CaMKIIN on acute myeloid leukemia cell line HL-60 to explore a novel therapeutic target of leukemia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Human CaMK II N gene expression vector pcDNA3.1/hCaMKIIN or empty vector pcDNA3.1/myc-His (-) B was transfected into HL-60 cells by Lipofectamine 2000. Human CaMK II N proteins of transfected cells were detected by Western blot. Cell proliferation affected by human CaMKIIN was determined by MTT. Colony-forming assay was performed by soft agar growth system. The cells transfected with CaMKIIN were stained with Hoechst 33342 to detect the apoptotic proportion under fluorescence microscopy. Cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Human CaMKIIN was stably transfected into HL-60 cells, and overexpression of human CaMKIIN inhibited the proliferation of HL-60/CaMKIIN cells compared to HL-60/mock cells and HL-60 cells [(0.44 ± 0.03) vs (0.94 ± 0.05) vs (0.94 ± 0.04), P<0.01]. The colony formation of HL-60/CaMKIIN was also markedly smaller[(21.00 ± 3.05)/500] than that of mock-transfected [(111.00±4.58)/500]] and control cells [(119.00±6.09)/500] (P<0.01). After 72 hrs-culture, the apoptotic proportion in cells transfected with CaMK II N was obviously higher than of cells transfected with mock DNA or control [(22.49 ± 2.15)% vs (7.17 ± 0.72)% vs (6.40 ± 0.55)%, P<0.01]. Up to (82.97 ± 2.90)% human CaMKIIN/HL-60 cells were arrested at G0/G1 phase, which was more than mock-transfected [(40.53 ± 2.38)%] and control cells [(41.63 ± 2.27)%] (P<0.05). Human CaMKIIN could down-regulate expression of Bcl-2 in transfected cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CaMK IIN up-regulation could inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of human acute myeloid leukemia cell HL-60.</p>

Report of a case with twin anemia-polycythemia sequence and literature review / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize and review the clinical characteristics including clinical features, prenatal characteristics, diagnosis, treatments and short-term outcomes of the twin anemia-polycythemia sequence (TAPS) to improve the recognition of the disease.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The clinical data of one case with twin anemia-polycythemia sequence and the reports of 15 cases seen in the past 5 years were reviewed and analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>There was an increasing number of reports of cases with TAPS. Prenatal manifestation: among the 16 cases, TAPS occurred in 13 cases naturally and in 3 cases occurred after laser treatment. Amniotic fluid volume showed no significant difference in 16 cases. Middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (MCA-PSV) > 1.5 multiples of the median (MoM) in the donor were 11/16 cases and 3/16 cases were not tested. MCA-PSV < 1.0 MoM in the recipient were seen in 10/16 cases and in 3/16 cases MCA-PSV was not tested. Hydrops fetalis was found in 6/16 cases. Intrauterine intervention: intrauterine blood transfusion was performed in 4/16 cases, fetoscopic laser occlusion of chorioangiopagus vessels was performed in 4/16 cases, umbilical cord occlusion selective feticide was done in 2/16 cases and intrauterine hemodilution in the recipient was performed in 1/16 case. Postnatal manifestation: average hemoglobin concentration in the anemic neonate was 95 g/L and in the polycythemic one was 208 g/L, intertwin Hb difference was > 80 g/L in 10/16 cases and < 80 g/L in 2/16 cases (after intrauterine laser treatment). Intertwin reticulocyte count ratio was > 1.7 in 5/16 cases and < 1.7 in 1/16 case (after intrauterine laser treatment). Postnatal treatment: 9/16 cases of donor had anemia, among them, 6/16 cases were given blood transfusions, 6/16 cases of recipient with hyperviscosity underwent partial exchange transfusions. Neurodevelopmental follow-up during neonatal period was normal in 11/16 cases, in our case, neurodevelopmental follow-up at the corrected gestational age 3 months was normal.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TAPS is a new atypical form of twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) that presents as a large intertwin hemoglobin difference with one twin developing anemia and the other developing polycythemia, without oligohydramnios-polyhydramnios sequence that is required for the diagnosis of TTTS. We suggest that routine doppler studies and MCA-PSV measurements should be performed during each follow-up visit in all uncomplicated monochorionic twin pregnancies, in order to find out the cases required intrauterine intervention to decrease neonatal mortality rates and improve the prognosis.</p>

Infertility rate in married couples of reproductive age in China: a systematic review and Meta-analysis / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To estimate the infertility rates and to examine factors that contribute to the variations in infertility rates among studies.Methods Wanfang,CQVIP,CNKI,and PubMed Database were searched for infertility relevant population-based prevalence studies between 1980 and 2012.Meta-analysis and meta-regression were used to calculate the pooled size of effect and to identify the sources of variation.Results A total of 27 articles using data from regional surveys were included in the review.Results showed that the combined prevalence was 5.7％ (95％CI:5.3％-6.1％).Combined prevalence rates of 1-year and 2-year infertility in newly married couples were 12.5％ (95％CI:9.5％-15.4％) and 6.6％ (95％CI:4.9％-8.4％),respectively,while were respectively 6.4％ (95％CI:4.2％-8.6％) and 3.0％ (95％CI:2.6％-3.3％),in women of reproductive age.Results from Meta-regression showed that the prevalence of 2-year infertility was lower than that of 1-year while infertility in regions was seen higher under the poor socioeconomic condition than in the better regions.Infertility in studies using cohort or prospective studies was seen to be higher than in other studies.Conclusion Owing to the inconsistency in determining the numerator and denominator that were used to calculate the prevalence of infertility as well as the inconsistency in criteria used to define the infertility,an agreed definition on infertility needs to be followed,in order to facilitate the comparison among studies.

Small cell malignant tumors of bone: comparison between diagnosis using core needle biopsies and surgical specimens / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the pathologic diagnosis and immunohistochemistry of small cell malignant tumors (SCMT) of bone using both core needle biopsy and surgical specimen.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy-seven cases of SCMT with core needle biopsies and surgical specimens available were respectively analyzed by histologic examination and immunohistochemical study, with literature review.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The male-to-female ratio was 48:29. The age of the patients ranged from 6 to 73 years. The tumors studied included Ewing sarcoma/PNET (n = 38), myeloma (n = 23), lymphoma (n = 10), small cell osteosarcoma (n = 2), small cell carcinoma (n = 2) and mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (n = 2). The tumors involved limbs, axial skeleton and flat bones. Microscopically, the tumors shared similar histology, with small round cells and spindly cells arranged in diffuse sheets. The pathologic diagnosis by core needle biopsies correlated with that by surgical specimens in 84.4% (65/77) of the cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>SCMT represents a heterogeneous group of malignancy. Correlations with clinicoradiologic findings and application of ancillary investigations including immunohistochemistry and molecular study are important for definitive diagnosis. Pathologic diagnosis using core needle biopsies shows good results and provides useful information for surgical planning.</p>

Progress in researches on the sperm centrosome / 中华男科学杂志

In humans and most mammals, the sperm centrosome is primarily responsible for nucleating and organizing the sperm astar, which pushes the sperm head toward the oocyte center and guides the migration of the female pronucleus, completing the fertilization process. There are about 200 kinds of protein in the human sperm centrosome. Currently, most of the researches focus on the centrin protein. Further studies on the functions of different human sperm centrosomal proteins may contribute to the understanding of the causes of the failures in assisted reproductive technology (ART). And in ART, morphological observation of the sperm neck integrity is the only way for primary evaluation of the function of the sperm centrosome.

Clinical application of the 3-dimensional speckle tracking imaging in coronary artery disease / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the 3-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (3D-STI) in clinical diagnosis of coronary artery disease by quantitatively evaluating left ventricular segmental and global systolic function.@*METHODS@#According to the selective coronary artery angiography, 150 inpatients suspected of coronary artery disease were divided into 5 groups according to the distribution of the affected coronary arteries: a left anterior descending coronary artery group (LAD, n=46), a left circumflex coronary artery group (LCX, n=25), a right coronary artery group (RCA, n=23), a multivessel group (n=26), and a normal group (n=30). Gensini score was calculated according to coronary artery angiography. Conventional echocardiography was applied in each patient and wall motion score index (WMSI) was calculated. 3D-STI was applied in each patient to evaluate the segmental and global systolic function in the left ventricle.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the normal group, ejection fraction was decreased in the multi-vessel group alone (P<0.05). Peak systolic 3D strains in all segments were decreased in the multi-vessel group (P<0.01), while peak systolic 3D strains in the main blood-supply segments were decreased significantly in the rest of the groups (P<0.05). Global 3-dimensional strain (G3DS) was negatively correlated with Gensini score in patients with coronary artery disease (r= -0.76, P<0.01). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that G3DS was more sensitive and accurate in clinical diagnosis of coronary artery disease.@*CONCLUSION@#3D-STI can quantitatively evaluate the segmental and global systolic function of the left ventricle, and reflect the extent of coronary artery stenosis in patients with coronary artery disease.